ENGLISH MORPHOLOGY
Introduction:
Morphology is a branch of
Linguistic which deals with the morphemes and internal structure of words.
1.
Words and lexemes, Types and tokens.
Now, before we talk about the whole of
morpheme’s matarial. Let’s answer this following sentence:
How many words occur in the
following sentence?
My friend and I walk to
class together, because our classes are in the same building and we dislike
walking alone.
You
may think that the answer should be 21. You may think about whether to count walk and walking or class and classes as different words. So when you count words, you
may count them in a number of ways. But, it’s useful to have some special terms
for how we count words. Let’s say that if we are counting every things in which
a word occurs in a sentence, regardless
of whether that word has occurred before or not, we are counting word tokens. If we count word tokens in
the sentence above, we count 21. If, however, we are counting a word once, no
matter how many times it occurs in a sentence, we are counting word types.
Counting this way, we count 20 types in the sentence above: the two tokens of
the word and count as one type. A still different way of counting words should
be to count what are called lexemes. Lexemes can be thought of as families of
words that differ only in their grammatical endings or grammatical forms. So if
we are counting lexemes in the sentence above, we would count class and
classes, walk and walking, I and my, and our and we as single lexemes; the
sentence then has 16 lexemes.
2.
The aims of this course, the students are expected to be able to:
1. develop morphology
2. acquaint morphemes and characteristics of being a morpheme
3. distinguish the functions of related terms: root, stem and base
4. use affixes: prefixes, infixes and suffixes
5. recognize the features and funtions of derivational and inflectional
affixes
6. distinguish among: words, lexemes, types or tokens
7. be familiar with processes of word formation
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GOOD
LUCK
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